Lövei, G.L.; Cartellieri, M. 2000. Ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in forest fragments of the Manawatu, New Zealand: Collapsed assemblages? Journal of Insect Conservation 4: 239-244.
Botanically diverse, protected forest fragments in the Manawatu contained very poor carabid assemblages. In the potential source area, 9 species were present. The largest forest remnant had 2 species, and a well-managed suburban forest patch had 3 (only 1 with a reproducing population). Lack of grazing and high botanical diversity was insufficient to maintain the potential carabid assemblage in these fragments. Predation risk, low dispersal power in endemic New Zealand ground beetles, combined with fragment size and degree of isolation could contribute to this collapse. Active management of ground-active invertebrates seems necessary to protect them in isolated forest fragments.
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